Organ System
An organ system is a set of organs that
work together as a biological system to attain one or more functions. Individually
organ does a specific job in the body and is made up of different tissues. Different
body systems include the nervous, muscular, respiratory, skeletal, immune, cardiovascular, endocrine, integumentary, urinary, digestive & reproductive systems.
1. Skeletal system:
- Support & moves body.
- Protect organs (brain, heart, lungs, spinal cord, etc.).
- Mineral storage (e.g., Calcium & Phosphorus).
- Site for muscle links.
- Site for blood cell development.
- Organs involved in the skeletal system are bones, cartilage, ligaments, bone marrow.
2. Muscular system:
- Movement/ Locomotion
- Heat production
- Since there are three kinds of muscle- cardiac, smooth, & skeletal- there are definite functions for all of these.
- Organs involved in the muscular system are muscles & tendons.
3.
Cardiovascular system:
- Pump blood through the body.
- The blood will transport oxygen, hormones, nutrients to the tissues.
- Remove waste products.
- The blood also functions as a part of the immune system and agrees with the white blood cells/antibodies to gain access to infected/wounded areas.
- Organs involved in the cardiovascular system are heart, blood, blood vessels.
4.
Excretory system:
- Produce & collect urine in the kidneys and bladder.
- Elimination of waste.
- Regulates pH & volume of blood.
- Discharge urine through the urethra.
- Organs involved in the excretory system are kidney, urinary bladder, urethra.
5.
Digestive system:
- Digest food into nutrients that can be absorbed.
- Processes food & absorb nutrients into the body.
- Make vitamins (e.g., Vit. K is made in the large intestine).
- Organs involved in the digestive system are the stomach, intestinal tract, liver, pancreas, esophagus, salivary gland.
6.
Reproductive system:
- The main purpose is to produce offspring.
- Produce germ cells (eggs & sperm).
- Environment for growth of the foetus.
- Another function-in line with the endocrine system- is to make hormones (e.g., testosterone and estrogen, which affects male and female characteristics).
- Organs involved in the reproductive system are ovaries, uterus, mammary gland, testes, the prostate gland, external genitalia.
7.
Endocrine system:
- Hormone production.
- Regulates body functions by chemicals (hormones).
- These hormones act through the body and perform different roles (e.g., blood sugar levels (insulin/glucagon), growth (growth hormone), male characteristics like facial hair (testosterone).
- Organs involved in the endocrine system are the pituitary gland, parathyroid gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, thymus, pancreas, gonads.
8.
Integumentary system:
- A Barrier to occupying organisms and chemicals.
- Defence from pathogens (unless you get a cut).
- Senses at the skin level (texture, heat, pressure, pain).
- Organs involved in the integumentary system are skin, hair, subcutaneous tissue.
9. Nervous system:
- Made of the central and peripheral nervous systems.
- Co-ordinate activities of other organ systems.
- Responds to sensations.
- This system communicates indications from one part of the body to another and this includes your senses.
- Organs involved in the integumentary system are the brain, spinal cord, nerves, eyes, ears.
10.
Respiratory system:
- This mainly includes your lungs and trachea
- The main role is the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
- Organs involved in the respiratory system are lungs, trachea, larynx, nasal cavities, pharynx.
11.
Immune system:
The main role is to protect the body against pathogens.
- This is completed with the help of the cardiovascular system that has white blood cells (WBCs) and various antibodies in the circulation.
- Defends against foreign organisms (virus, bacteria, pathogens etc.).
- Organs involved in the lymphatic system is lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels.
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